Excess weld metal protruding through the root of a fusion (butt) weld made from one side only. With pipe welding this type of imperfection ...

A crack may be defined as a local discontinuity produced by a fracture which can arise from the stresses generated on cooling or acting on ...

A shallow groove that may occur in the root of a butt weld. Common causes Root concavity is caused by shrinkage of the weld pool in t...